ID: 23
rec_id: 23
depname: Bayan Obo
deptype: 10
depage: 1400
json: {"id":"http:\/\/mrdata.usgs.gov\/carbonatite\/record\/23","type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[109.97444444444,41.799166666667]},"properties":{"country":"China","cntrycd":"CINA","stprov":"Inner Mongolia","depname":"Bayan Obo","altname":"Baiyun Obo","latitude":"41.7991666666667","latdeg":41,"latmin":47,"latsec":57,"longitude":"109.974444444444","londeg":109,"lonmin":58,"lonsec":28,"discdate":"1927","startdate":"1957","mintype":"beforsite, s\u00f6vite","oreton":"800","deptype":10,"niobium":"0.13","ree":"6","p2o5":"0","grades":"Drew and others (1990)","depage":"1400","agemy":"1400","tectset":"Mesoproterozoic rift at northern margin of North China craton; subsequent fold belt, 10 km south of suture zone","rocks":"albitite, carbonatite, metabasalt, metatrachyte, peridotite, syenite","rocksmap":"gneiss, granite, quartzite, sandstone, schist (Mesoproterozoic)","orebody_fm":"sheet-like carbonatite alkali-carbonatite unit (intrusive complex?) containing two main lenses of economic ore and >50 dikes","ore_a":"18","ore_area":"21","ore_b":"1.5","alttype":"feldspathization, fenitization","altwidth":"0","dep5km":"11d","comments":"1,500 Mt Fe-ore at 35% Fe (Drew and others, 1990). The Mesoproterozoic initial deposit age by Nakai and others (1989) (1350\u00b1149 Ma La-Ba, monazite, and 1,426 + 40 Ma, Sm-Nd, allanite, huanghoite, and parisite), also by Yuan and others (1992) (1580 Ma Sm-Nd isochron, whole-rock). Multiphase deformation, metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration of ore-bearing carbonatite at ~900 Ma and ~425 Ma (Caledonian, low amphibolite facies), and regional granitoids at ~260 Ma (Hercynian).","mineral":[{"role":"ore","name":"aeschynite"},{"role":"ore","name":"allanite"},{"role":"ore","name":"anatase"},{"role":"ore","name":"apatite"},{"role":"ore","name":"bafertisite"},{"role":"ore","name":"baotite"},{"role":"ore","name":"barite"},{"role":"ore","name":"bastnaesite"},{"role":"ore","name":"britholite-(ce)"},{"role":"ore","name":"carbocernaite"},{"role":"ore","name":"cebaite-(ce)"},{"role":"ore","name":"cebaite-(nd)"},{"role":"ore","name":"chalcopyrite"},{"role":"ore","name":"chevkinite"},{"role":"ore","name":"columbite"},{"role":"ore","name":"cordylite-(ce)"},{"role":"ore","name":"daqingshanite-(ce)"},{"role":"ore","name":"dingdaohengite-(ce)"},{"role":"ore","name":"fergusonite-(ce)"},{"role":"ore","name":"fergusonite-(nd)"},{"role":"ore","name":"fergusonite-(y)"},{"role":"ore","name":"fersmite"},{"role":"ore","name":"fluorite"},{"role":"ore","name":"galena"},{"role":"ore","name":"hematite"},{"role":"ore","name":"huanghoite-(ce)"},{"role":"ore","name":"ilmenite"},{"role":"ore","name":"lanthanite"},{"role":"ore","name":"limonite"},{"role":"ore","name":"magnetite"},{"role":"ore","name":"monazite"},{"role":"ore","name":"nb-rutile"},{"role":"ore","name":"parisite-(ce)"},{"role":"ore","name":"parisite-(nd)"},{"role":"ore","name":"pyrite"},{"role":"ore","name":"pyrochlore"},{"role":"ore","name":"pyrrhotite"},{"role":"ore","name":"rhabdophane"},{"role":"ore","name":"sphalerite"},{"role":"ore","name":"strontianite"},{"role":"ore","name":"thorite"},{"role":"ore","name":"xenotime-(ce)"},{"role":"gangue","name":"actinolite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"aegerine"},{"role":"gangue","name":"aegerine-augite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"albite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"alstonite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"ankerite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"arfvedsonite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"barytocalcite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"benstonite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"biotite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"calcite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"diopside"},{"role":"gangue","name":"dolomite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"garnet"},{"role":"gangue","name":"hornblende"},{"role":"gangue","name":"hyalophane"},{"role":"gangue","name":"microcline"},{"role":"gangue","name":"mn-calcite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"norsethite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"phlogopite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"quartz"},{"role":"gangue","name":"riebeckite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"sr-calcite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"tremolite"},{"role":"gangue","name":"witherite"}],"reference":["Campbell, L.S., and Henderson, P., 1997, Apatite paragenesis in the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Lithos, v. 42, p. 89\u0096103.","Chao, E.C.T., Back, J.M., Minkin, J.A., Tatsumoto, M., Wang, J., Conrad, J.E., McKee, E.H., Hou, Z., Meng, Q., and Huang, S., 1997, The sedimentary carbonate-hosted giant Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb ore deposit of Inner Mongolia, China\u0097A cornerstone example for giant polymetallic ore deposits of hydrothermal origin: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2143, 65 p.","Drew, L.J., Meng, Q., and Sun, W., 1990, The Bayan Obo iron\u0096rare-earth\u0096niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China: Lithos, v. 26, p. 43\u009665.","Le Bas, M.J., Keller, J., Tao, K., Wall, F., Williams, C.T., and Zhang, P., 1992, Carbonatite dykes at Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 46, p. 195\u0096228.","Le Bas, M.J., Yang, X., Taylor, R.N., Spiro, B., Milton, J.A., and Zhang, P., 2007, New evidence from a calcite-dolomite carbonatite dyke for the magmatic origin of the massive Bayan Obo ore-bearing dolomite marble, Inner Mongolia, China: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 90, p. 223\u0096248.","Liu, Y., Yang, G., Chen, J., Du, A., and Xie, Z., 2004 Re-Os dating of pyrite from giant Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit: Chinese Science Bulletin, v. 49, no. 24, p. 2627\u00962631.","Mindat.org, 2009, Bayan Obo (Bayun-Obo; Baiyunebo) deposit, Bayan Obo, Darhan Muminggan United Banner, Inner Mongolia, China, 3 p., http:\/\/www.mindat.org\/loc-720.html (last visited February 12, 2009)","Nakai, S., Masuda, A., Shimizu, H., and Qi, L., 1989, La-Ba dating and Nd and Sr isotope studies on the Baiyun Obo rare earth element ore deposits, Inner Mongolia, China: Economic Geology, v. 84, p. 2296\u00962299.","Ne\u00dfler, J., 2009, Giant Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb ore deposit of Inner Mongolia, China, 16 p.,","http:\/\/www.geoberg.de\/text\/geology\/07032101.php (last visited February 12, 2009)","Wu, C., 2008, Bayan Obo controversy: carbonatites versus iron oxide-Cu-Au-(REE-U): Resource Geology, v. 58, no. 4, p. 348\u0096354.","Wu, C., Yuan, Z., and Bai, G., 1996, Rare earth deposits in China, in Jones, A.P., Wall, F., and Williams, C.T., eds., Rare earth minerals: chemistry, origin and ore deposits: New York, Chapman and Hall, The Mineralogical Society Series 7, p. 281\u0096310.","Yang, Z., and Woollley, A., 2006, Carbonatites in China\u0097A review: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 27, p. 559\u0096575.","Yuan, Z., Bai, G., Wu, C., Zhang, Z., and Ye, X., 1992, Geological features and genesis of the Bayan Obo REE ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Applied Geochemistry, v. 7, p. 429\u0096442.","Zhang, P., Yang, Z., Tao, K., and Yang, X., 1995, Mineralogy and geology of rare earths in China: Beijing, Science press, 209 p."]}}
url: https://mrdata.usgs.gov/carbonatite/show-carbonatite.php?rec_id=23