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        <title>USGS Energy Resources Program</title> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/250/Meeting-Asias-Future-Gas-Import-Demand-with-Stranded-Natural-Gas-from-central-Asia-Russia-Southeast-Asia-and-Australia.aspx#Comments</comments> 
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    <title>Meeting Asia's Future Gas Import Demand with Stranded Natural Gas from central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/250/Meeting-Asias-Future-Gas-Import-Demand-with-Stranded-Natural-Gas-from-central-Asia-Russia-Southeast-Asia-and-Australia.aspx</link> 
    <description>This analysis shows the important contribution that stranded gas from central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia can make in meeting the projected demand for gas imports of China, India, Japan, and South Korea from 2020 to 2040.  The estimated delivered costs of pipeline gas from stranded fields in Russia and Central Asia at Shanghai, China, are generally less than delivered costs of liquefied natural gas (LNG).  Australia and Malaysia are initially the lowest-costs LNG suppliers.  In the concluding section, it is argued that Asian LNG demand is price-sensitive and current Asian LNG pricing procedures are unlikely to be sustainable for gas import demand to attain maximum potential growth.  Resource volumes in stranded fields evaluated can nearly meet projected import demands.</description> 
    <dc:creator>chris</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2013 18:24:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/249/New-Insight-on-Gas-Hydrates-in-Gulf-of-Mexico.aspx#Comments</comments> 
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    <title>New Insight on Gas Hydrates in Gulf of Mexico</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/249/New-Insight-on-Gas-Hydrates-in-Gulf-of-Mexico.aspx</link> 
    <description>Scientists have returned from a 15‑day research expedition in the northern Gulf of Mexico with the best high-resolution seismic data and imagery ever obtained of sediments with high gas hydrate saturations...
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    <dc:creator>Donna Beaver Pizzarelli</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 14 May 2013 14:48:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/248/National-Assessment-of-Geologic-Carbon-Dioxide-Storage-ResourcesMethodology-Implementation.aspx#Comments</comments> 
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    <title>National Assessment of Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources—Methodology Implementation</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/248/National-Assessment-of-Geologic-Carbon-Dioxide-Storage-ResourcesMethodology-Implementation.aspx</link> 
    <description>In response to the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2). Storage of CO2 in subsurface saline formations is one important method to reduce greenhouse gas...</description> 
    <dc:creator>EricMorrissey</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 13:06:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/247/USGS-Releases-Updated-Bakken-and-New-Three-Forks-Oil-and-Gas-Assessment.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
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    <title>USGS Releases Updated Bakken and New Three Forks Oil and Gas Assessment</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/247/USGS-Releases-Updated-Bakken-and-New-Three-Forks-Oil-and-Gas-Assessment.aspx</link> 
    <description>Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the USGS estimated mean undiscovered volumes of 7.4 billion barrels of oil, 6.7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 0.53 billion barrels of natural gas liquids in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations in the Williston Basin Province of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota.</description> 
    <dc:creator>Donna Beaver Pizzarelli</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Mon, 29 Apr 2013 18:16:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/246/Role-of-Stranded-Gas-in-Increasing-Global-Gas-Supplies.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
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    <title>Role of Stranded Gas in Increasing Global Gas Supplies</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/246/Role-of-Stranded-Gas-in-Increasing-Global-Gas-Supplies.aspx</link> 
    <description>This report synthesizes the findings of three regional studies in order to evaluate, at the global scale, the contribution that stranded gas resources can make to global natural gas supplies. Stranded gas, as defined for this study, is natural gas in discovered conventional gas and oil fields that is currently not commercially producible for either physical or economic reasons. The regional studies evaluated the cost of bringing the large volumes of undeveloped gas in stranded gas fields to selected markets. In particular, stranded gas fields of selected Atlantic Basin countries, north Africa, Russia, and central Asia are screened to determine whether the volumes are sufficient to meet Europe’s increasing demand for gas imports. Stranded gas fields in Russia, central Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australia are also screened to estimate development, production, and transport costs and corresponding gas volumes that could be supplied to Asian markets in China, India, Japan, and South Korea.</description> 
    <dc:creator>chris</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 23 Apr 2013 16:11:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/245/Map-Showing-Principal-Coal-Beds-and-Bedrock-Geology-of-the-Ucross-Arvada-Area-Central-Powder-River-Basin-Wyoming.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
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    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=245&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>Map Showing Principal Coal Beds and Bedrock Geology of the Ucross-Arvada Area, Central Powder River Basin, Wyoming</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/245/Map-Showing-Principal-Coal-Beds-and-Bedrock-Geology-of-the-Ucross-Arvada-Area-Central-Powder-River-Basin-Wyoming.aspx</link> 
    <description>The Ucross-Arvada area is part of the Powder River Basin, a large, north-trending structural depression between the Black Hills on the east and the Bighorn Mountains on the west. Almost all of the study area is within Sheridan and Johnson Counties, Wyoming.</description> 
    <dc:creator>EricMorrissey</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2013 13:04:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/244/Review-and-Interpretation-of-Previous-Work-and-New-Data-on-the-Hydrogeology-of-the-Schwartzwalder-Uranium-Mine-and-Vicinity-Jefferson-County-Colorado.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
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    <title>Review and Interpretation of Previous Work and New Data on the Hydrogeology of the Schwartzwalder Uranium Mine and Vicinity, Jefferson County, Colorado</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/244/Review-and-Interpretation-of-Previous-Work-and-New-Data-on-the-Hydrogeology-of-the-Schwartzwalder-Uranium-Mine-and-Vicinity-Jefferson-County-Colorado.aspx</link> 
    <description>&amp;#160;The Schwartzwalder deposit is the largest known vein type uranium deposit in the United States. Located about eight miles northwest of Golden, Colorado it occurs in Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and was formed by hydrothermal fluid flow, mineralization, and deformation during the Laramide Orogeny. A complex brittle fault zone hosts the deposit comprising locally brecciated carbonate, oxide, and sulfide minerals. Mining of pitchblende, the primary ore mineral, began in 1953 and an extensive network of underground workings was developed. Mine dewatering, treatment of the effluent and its discharge into the adjacent Ralston Creek was done under State permit from about 1990 through about 2008. Mining and dewatering ceased in 2000 and natural groundwater rebound has filled the mine workings to a current elevation that is above Ralston Creek but that is still below the lowest ground level adit. Water in the &quot;mine pool&quot; has concentrations of dissolved uranium in excess of 1,000 times the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard of 30 micrograms per liter. Other dissolved constituents such as molybdenum, radium, and sulfate are also present in anomalously high concentrations.
Ralston Creek flows in a narrow valley containing Quaternary alluvium predominantly derived from weathering of crystalline bedrock including local mineralized rock. Just upstream of the mine site, two capped and unsaturated waste rock piles with high radioactivity sit on an alluvial terrace. As Ralston Creek flows past the mine site, a host of dissolved metal concentrations increase. Ralston Creek eventually discharges into Ralston Reservoir about 2.5 miles downstream. Because of highly elevated uranium concentrations, the State of Colorado issued an enforcement action against the mine permit holder requiring renewed collection and treatment of alluvial groundwater.
As part of planned mine reclamation, abundant data were collected and compiled into a report by Wyman and Effner (2007), which was to be used as a basis for eventual mine site closure. In 2010 the U.S. Geological Survey was asked by the State of Colorado to provide an objective and independent review of the Wyman and Effner (2007) report and to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the hydrogeology of the mine site.
Key findings from the U.S. Geological Survey assessment include geological structural analysis indicating that although the primary uranium-hosting fault likely does not cross under Ralston Creek, many complex subsidiary faults do cross under Ralston Creek. It is unknown if any of these faults act as conduits for mine pool water to enter Ralston Creek. Reported bedrock permeabilities are low, but local hydraulic gradients are sufficient to potentially drive groundwater flow from the mine pool to the creek. Estimated average linear velocities for the full range of reported hydraulic conductivities indicate groundwater transit times from the mine pool to the creek on the order of a few months to about 3,800 years or 11 to 65 years using mean reported input values. These estimates do not account for geochemical reactions along any given flow path that may differentially enhance or retard movement of individual dissolved constituents. New reconnaissance data including&amp;#160;34S isotope and&amp;#160;234U/238U isotopic activity ratios show potentially distinctive signatures for the mine pool compared to local groundwater and Ralston Creek water above the mine site.
Although the mine pool may be near an equilibrium elevation, evidence for groundwater recharge transients indicates inflow to the workings that are greater than outflow. There is not enough hydraulic head data adjacent to the mine workings to adequately constrain a final equilibrium elevation or to predict how several wet years in succession might affect variations in mine pool elevation. Although ground level adits are sealed with bulkheads, if the mine pool elevation were to rise slightly to the elevation of or above these adits, there is additional potential for seepage into the environment. The mine workings, mine pool water, the mineralized fault zone, and parts of the alluvial aquifer contaminated by mine waste are all potential sources of dissolved metals to Ralston Creek. The waste rock piles are not a major contaminant source at this time based on data in Wyman and Effner (2007) and new U.S. Geological Survey data. However, questions regarding the long-term integrity of the cap rock seal, possible leaching processes between the unsaturated and saturated zone, groundwater flow in the alluvial aquifer and a 100-year-plus flood make the waste rock piles a potential source in the future.
Recent geochemical data from Ralston Creek shows dissolved uranium concentrations that remain above drinking-water standards in spite of treatment operations. The mine pool water is now hydraulically above the creek, and the pathway(s) for mine pool water flowing into the alluvial aquifer and Ralston Creek through the bedrock should be investigated further.
Established monitoring wells at the mine site are not adequate to characterize local hydraulic head and to contrast the geochemistry of bedrock and alluvial groundwater because many of them are screened in both the bedrock and alluvium. The bedrock is particularly underrepresented in existing wells. This report suggests the drilling and completion of appropriately sited and nested bedrock and alluvial well pairs. These wells should be sampled in conjunction with a series of stream tracer dilution studies in Ralston Creek with the sumps operational as well as shut down. An expanded program of water sampling could include high precision uranium and sulfur isotope analyses and other analyses of potentially diagnostic trace elements and their ratios. This approach may permit the identification of mine pool and(or) other mixed contaminated water entering Ralston Creek. It will be critical to determine if the hydraulic heads in the bedrock wells are higher than in the alluvial wells. Although Ralston Creek delivers a relatively small proportion of water flowing to Ralston Reservoir, continued monitoring of the mine pool elevation and dissolved uranium concentrations in all water samples is essential.</description> 
    <dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Thu, 18 Apr 2013 16:57:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/243/Map-of-Assessed-Shale-Gas-in-the-United-States-2012.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
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    <title>Map of Assessed Shale Gas in the United States, 2012</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/243/Map-of-Assessed-Shale-Gas-in-the-United-States-2012.aspx</link> 
    <description>The U.S. Geological Survey has compiled a map of shale-gas assessments in the United States that were completed by 2012 as part of the National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project. Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey quantitatively estimated potential volumes of undiscovered gas within shale-gas assessment units. These shale-gas assessment units are mapped, and square-mile cells are shown to represent proprietary shale-gas wells. The square-mile cells include gas-producing wells from shale intervals.
In some cases, shale-gas formations contain gas in deeper parts of a basin and oil at shallower depths (for example, the Woodford Shale and the Eagle Ford Shale). Because a discussion of shale oil is beyond the scope of this report, only shale-gas assessment units and cells are shown.
The map can be printed as a hardcopy map or downloaded for interactive analysis in a Geographic Information System data package using the ArcGIS map document (file extension MXD) and published map file (file extension PMF). Also available is a publications access table with hyperlinks to current U.S. Geological Survey shale gas assessment publications and web pages. Assessment results and geologic reports are available as completed at the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program Web Site,&amp;#160;http://energy.usgs.gov/OilGas/AssessmentsData/NationalOilGasAssessment.aspx. A historical perspective of shale gas activity in the United States is documented and presented in a video clip included as a PowerPoint slideshow.</description> 
    <dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Thu, 11 Apr 2013 17:35:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/242/Simplified-Stratigraphic-Cross-Sections-of-the-Eocene-Green-River-Formation-in-the-Piceance-Basin-Northwestern-Colorado.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
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    <title>Simplified Stratigraphic Cross Sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, Northwestern Colorado</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/242/Simplified-Stratigraphic-Cross-Sections-of-the-Eocene-Green-River-Formation-in-the-Piceance-Basin-Northwestern-Colorado.aspx</link> 
    <description>Thirteen stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of northwestern Colorado are presented in this report. Originally published in a much larger and more detailed form by Self and others (2010), they are shown here in simplified, page-size versions that are easily accessed and used for presentation purposes. Modifications to the original versions include the elimination of the detailed lithologic columns and oil-yield histograms from Fischer assay data and the addition of ground-surface lines to give the depth of the various oil shale units shown on the cross section.</description> 
    <dc:creator>chris</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 09 Apr 2013 17:43:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/241/Energy-Map-of-Southwestern-WyomingEnergy-data-archived-organized-integrated-and-accessible.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
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    <title>Energy Map of Southwestern Wyoming—Energy data archived, organized, integrated, and accessible</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/241/Energy-Map-of-Southwestern-WyomingEnergy-data-archived-organized-integrated-and-accessible.aspx</link> 
    <description>The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) focuses on conserving world-class wildlife resources while facilitating responsible energy development in southwestern Wyoming. To further advance the objectives of the WLCI long-term, science-based effort, a comprehensive inventory of energy resource and production data is being published in two parts. Energy maps, data, documentation and spatial data processing capabilities are available in geodatabase, published map file (pmf), ArcMap document (mxd), Adobe Acrobat PDF map, and other digital formats that can be downloaded at the USGS website.</description> 
    <dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Wed, 03 Apr 2013 16:50:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/240/Coal-Fields-of-the-Conterminous-United-StatesNational-Coal-Resource-Assessment-Updated-Version.aspx#Comments</comments> 
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    <title>Coal Fields of the Conterminous United States—National Coal Resource Assessment Updated Version</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/240/Coal-Fields-of-the-Conterminous-United-StatesNational-Coal-Resource-Assessment-Updated-Version.aspx</link> 
    <description>This map sheet with accompanying Geographic Information System (GIS) project is an update of the existing U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Conterminous U.S. Coal Fields map. This update was compiled using data primarily from the USGS National Coal Resource Assessment (NCRA) and information from...</description> 
    <dc:creator>EricMorrissey</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 02 Apr 2013 15:26:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/239/Total-Petroleum-Systems-and-Geologic-Assessment-of-Undiscovered-Oil-and-Gas-Resources-in-the-San-Juan-Basin-Province-Exclusive-of-Paleozoic-Rocks-New-Mexico-and-Colorado.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=239</wfw:commentRss> 
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    <title>Total Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the San Juan Basin Province, Exclusive of Paleozoic Rocks, New Mexico and Colorado</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/239/Total-Petroleum-Systems-and-Geologic-Assessment-of-Undiscovered-Oil-and-Gas-Resources-in-the-San-Juan-Basin-Province-Exclusive-of-Paleozoic-Rocks-New-Mexico-and-Colorado.aspx</link> 
    <description>In 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated undiscovered oil and gas resources that have the potential for additions to reserves in the San Juan Basin Province, New Mexico and Colorado. Paleozoic rocks were not appraised. The last oil and gas assessment for the province was in 1995. There are several important differences between the 1995 and 2002 assessments. The area assessed is smaller than that in the 1995 assessment. This assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in the San Juan Basin Province also used a slightly different approach in the assessment, and hence a number of the plays defined in the 1995 assessment are addressed differently in this report. After 1995, the USGS has applied a total petroleum system (TPS) concept to oil and gas basin assessments. The TPS approach incorporates knowledge of the source rocks, reservoir rocks, migration pathways, and time of generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons; thus the assessments are geologically based. Each TPS is subdivided into one or more assessment units, usually defined by a unique set of reservoir rocks, but which have in common the same source rock. Four TPSs and 14 assessment units were geologically evaluated, and for 13 units, the undiscovered oil and gas resources were quantitatively assessed.</description> 
    <dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 02 Apr 2013 14:17:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/238/Critical-Analysis-of-World-Uranium-Resources.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=238</wfw:commentRss> 
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    <title>Critical Analysis of World Uranium Resources</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/238/Critical-Analysis-of-World-Uranium-Resources.aspx</link> 
    <description>The U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA) joined with the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to analyze the world uranium supply and demand balance. To evaluate short-term primary supply (0–15 years), the analysis focused on Reasonably Assured Resources (RAR), which are resources projected with a high degree of geologic assurance and considered to be economically feasible to mine. Such resources include uranium resources from mines currently in production as well as resources that are in the stages of feasibility or of being permitted. Sources of secondary supply for uranium, such as stockpiles and reprocessed fuel, were also examined. To evaluate long-term primary supply, estimates of uranium from unconventional and from undiscovered resources were analyzed.</description> 
    <dc:creator>chris</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 2013 14:54:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/237/Assessment-of-Undiscovered-Conventional-Oil-and-Gas-Resources-of-the-Western-Canada-Sedimentary-Basin-Canada-2012.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=237</wfw:commentRss> 
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    <title>Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Canada, 2012</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/237/Assessment-of-Undiscovered-Conventional-Oil-and-Gas-Resources-of-the-Western-Canada-Sedimentary-Basin-Canada-2012.aspx</link> 
    <description>&amp;#160;The U.S. Geological Survey recently completed a geoscience-based assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of provinces within the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin primarily comprises the (1) Alberta Basin Province of Alberta, eastern British...</description> 
    <dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2013 18:42:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/236/Drill-Hole-Data-for-Coal-Beds-in-the-Powder-River-Basin-Montana-and-Wyoming.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=236</wfw:commentRss> 
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    <title>Drill Hole Data for Coal Beds in the Powder River Basin, Montana and Wyoming</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/236/Drill-Hole-Data-for-Coal-Beds-in-the-Powder-River-Basin-Montana-and-Wyoming.aspx</link> 
    <description>This report by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Montana and Wyoming is part of the U.S. Coal Resources and Reserves Assessment Project. Essential to that project was the creation of a comprehensive drill hole database that was used for coal bed correlation and for coal resource and reserve assessments in the PRB.</description> 
    <dc:creator>EricMorrissey</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 26 Feb 2013 18:34:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/235/Assessment-of-Coal-Geology-Resources-and-Reserve-Base-in-the-Powder-River-Basin-Wyoming-and-Montana.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=235</wfw:commentRss> 
    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=235&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>Assessment of Coal Geology, Resources, and Reserve Base in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/235/Assessment-of-Coal-Geology-Resources-and-Reserve-Base-in-the-Powder-River-Basin-Wyoming-and-Montana.aspx</link> 
    <description>Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated in-place resources of 1.07 trillion short tons of coal in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana. Of that total, with a maximum stripping ratio of 10:1, recoverable coal was 162 billion tons. The estimate of...</description> 
    <dc:creator>EricMorrissey</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 26 Feb 2013 18:21:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/234/Assessment-of-Coal-Geology-Resources-and-Reserves-in-the-Montana-Powder-River-Basin.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=234</wfw:commentRss> 
    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=234&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>Assessment of Coal Geology, Resources, and Reserves in the Montana Powder River Basin</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/234/Assessment-of-Coal-Geology-Resources-and-Reserves-in-the-Montana-Powder-River-Basin.aspx</link> 
    <description>The purpose of this report is to summarize geology, coal resources, and coal reserves in the Montana Powder River Basin assessment area in southeastern Montana. This report represents the fourth assessment area within the Powder River Basin to be evaluated in the continuing U.S. Geological Survey...</description> 
    <dc:creator>EricMorrissey</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 26 Feb 2013 18:01:00 GMT</pubDate> 
    <guid isPermaLink="false">f1397696-738c-4295-afcd-943feb885714:234</guid> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/233/New-Powder-River-Basin-Wide-Coal-Assessment-of-Recoverable-Resources-and-Reserves.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=233</wfw:commentRss> 
    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=233&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>New Powder River Basin-Wide Coal Assessment of Recoverable Resources and Reserves</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/233/New-Powder-River-Basin-Wide-Coal-Assessment-of-Recoverable-Resources-and-Reserves.aspx</link> 
    <description>The Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana contains about 162 billion short tons (BST) of recoverable coal from a total of 1.07 trillion short tons of in-place resources according to a new USGS assessment. This assessment also estimates that 25 BST of those resources are currently economical...</description> 
    <dc:creator>Donna Beaver Pizzarelli</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 26 Feb 2013 16:18:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/232/Assessment-of-Undiscovered-Conventional-Oil-and-Gas-Resources-of-North-Africa-2012.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=232</wfw:commentRss> 
    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=232&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of North Africa, 2012</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/232/Assessment-of-Undiscovered-Conventional-Oil-and-Gas-Resources-of-North-Africa-2012.aspx</link> 
    <description>Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated means of 19 billion barrels of technically recoverable undiscovered conventional oil and 370 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered conventional natural gas resources in 8 geologic provinces of North Africa.</description> 
    <dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2013 20:39:00 GMT</pubDate> 
    <guid isPermaLink="false">f1397696-738c-4295-afcd-943feb885714:232</guid> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/231/Groundbreaking-Gas-Hydrate-Research.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=231</wfw:commentRss> 
    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=231&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>Groundbreaking Gas Hydrate Research</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/231/Groundbreaking-Gas-Hydrate-Research.aspx</link> 
    <description>A new project in Japan is helping scientists make significant progress in studying gas hydrates as a potential source for natural gas production. This research advances understanding of the global distribution of gas hydrates as well as...</description> 
    <dc:creator>Donna Beaver Pizzarelli</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2013 22:38:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/230/In-Place-Oil-Shale-Resources-Examined-by-Grade-in-the-Major-Basins-of-the-Green-River-Formation-Colorado-Utah-and-Wyoming.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=230</wfw:commentRss> 
    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=230&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>In-Place Oil Shale Resources Examined by Grade in the Major Basins of the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/230/In-Place-Oil-Shale-Resources-Examined-by-Grade-in-the-Major-Basins-of-the-Green-River-Formation-Colorado-Utah-and-Wyoming.aspx</link> 
    <description>Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated a total of 4.285 trillion barrels of oil in-place in the oil shale of the three principal basins of the Eocene Green River Formation. Using oil shale cutoffs of potentially viable (15 gallons per ton) and high grade &amp;#160;(25 gallons per ton), it is estimated that between 353 billion and 1.146 trillion barrels of the in-place resource have a high potential for development.</description> 
    <dc:creator>chris</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 2013 17:50:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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                                <gml:pos> 41 -108.5    </gml:pos>
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/229/Variability-of-Oil-and-Gas-Well-Productivities-for-Continuous-Unconventional-Petroleum-Accumulations.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=229</wfw:commentRss> 
    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=229&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>Variability of Oil and Gas Well Productivities for Continuous (Unconventional) Petroleum Accumulations</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/229/Variability-of-Oil-and-Gas-Well-Productivities-for-Continuous-Unconventional-Petroleum-Accumulations.aspx</link> 
    <description>Over the last decade, oil and gas well productivities were estimated using decline-curve analysis for thousands of wells as part of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies of continuous (unconventional) oil and gas resources in the United States. The estimated ultimate recoveries (EURs) of these wells show great variability that was analyzed at three scales: within an assessment unit (AU), among AUs of similar reservoir type, and among groups of AUs with different reservoir types.
Within a particular oil or gas AU (such as the Barnett Shale), EURs vary by about two orders of magnitude between the most productive wells and the least productive ones (excluding those that are dry and abandoned). The distributions of EURs are highly skewed, with most of the wells in the lower part of the range.
Continuous AUs were divided into four categories based on reservoir type and major commodity (oil or gas): coalbed gas, shale gas, other low-permeability gas AUs (such as tight sands), and low-permeability oil AUs. Within each of these categories, there is great variability from AU to AU, as shown by plots of multiple EUR distributions. Comparing the means of each distribution within a category shows that the means themselves have a skewed distribution, with a range of approximately one to two orders of magnitude.
A comparison of the three gas categories (coalbed gas, shale gas, and other low-permeability gas AUs) shows large overlap in the ranges of EUR distributions. Generally, coalbed gas AUs have lower EUR distributions, shale gas AUs have intermediate sizes, and the other low-permeability gas AUs have higher EUR distributions.
The plot of EUR distributions for each category shows the range of variation among developed AUs in an appropriate context for viewing the historical development within a particular AU. The Barnett Shale is used as an example to demonstrate that dividing wells into groups by time allows one to see the changes in EUR distribution. Subdivision into groups can also be done by vertical versus horizontal wells, by length of horizontal completion, by distance to closest previously drilled well, by thickness of reservoir interval, or by any other variable for which one has or can calculate values for each well. The resulting plots show how one can subdivide the total range of productivity in shale-gas wells into smaller subsets that are more appropriate for use as analogs.</description> 
    <dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 05 Feb 2013 17:49:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/228/New-vitrinite-reflectance-data-for-the-Wind-River-Basin-Wyoming.aspx#Comments</comments> 
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> 
    <wfw:commentRss>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/RssComments.aspx?TabID=98&amp;ModuleID=671&amp;ArticleID=228</wfw:commentRss> 
    <trackback:ping>http://energy.usgs.gov/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Tracking/Trackback.aspx?ArticleID=228&amp;PortalID=0&amp;TabID=98</trackback:ping> 
    <title>New vitrinite reflectance data for the Wind River Basin, Wyoming</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/228/New-vitrinite-reflectance-data-for-the-Wind-River-Basin-Wyoming.aspx</link> 
    <description>The Wind River Basin is a large Laramide (Late Cretaceous through Eocene) structural and sedimentary basin that encompasses about 7,400 square miles in central Wyoming. The basin is bounded by the Washakie Range and Owl Creek and southern Bighorn Mountains on the north, the Casper arch on...</description> 
    <dc:creator>EricMorrissey</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Mon, 04 Feb 2013 15:58:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/227/Assessment-of-Undiscovered-Oil-and-Gas-Resources-of-the-Cretaceous-Tertiary-Composite-Total-Petroleum-System-Taranaki-Basin-Assessment-Unit-New-Zealand.aspx#Comments</comments> 
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    <title>Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System, Taranaki Basin Assessment Unit, New Zealand</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/227/Assessment-of-Undiscovered-Oil-and-Gas-Resources-of-the-Cretaceous-Tertiary-Composite-Total-Petroleum-System-Taranaki-Basin-Assessment-Unit-New-Zealand.aspx</link> 
    <description>The Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System coincident Taranaki Basin Assessment Unit was recently assessed for undiscovered technically recoverable oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids resources as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) World Energy Resources Project, World Oil and Gas Assessment. Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the USGS estimated mean volumes of 487 million barrels of oil, 9.8 trillion cubic feet of gas, and 408 million barrels of natural gas liquids.</description> 
    <dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 20:08:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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    <comments>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/226/65th-Annual-Meeting-of-ICCP-and-30th-Annual-Meeting-of-TSOP-Sosnowiec-Poland-August-25-September-4-2013.aspx#Comments</comments> 
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    <title>65th Annual Meeting of ICCP and 30th Annual Meeting of TSOP, Sosnowiec, Poland, August 25-September 4, 2013</title> 
    <link>http://energy.usgs.gov/Miscellaneous/Articles/tabid/98/ID/226/65th-Annual-Meeting-of-ICCP-and-30th-Annual-Meeting-of-TSOP-Sosnowiec-Poland-August-25-September-4-2013.aspx</link> 
    <description>The 65th Annual Meeting of ICCP and the 30th Annual Meeting of TSOP will be held in Sosnowiec, Poland, August 25 - September 4, 2013...</description> 
    <dc:creator>EricMorrissey</dc:creator> 
    <pubDate>Sun, 27 Jan 2013 18:11:00 GMT</pubDate> 
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